Wisdom, sleeping..
  • Home
  • Four Pillars of Wisdom
    • Why Wisdom, a Provisional Foreword
    • Doubts
    • Ethos or How I Learned Some Wisdom
    • The "State of the Art" - an impression
    • A Nutshell History of Worldly Wisdom
    • What is Wisdom?
    • The first pillar of wisdom: wise knowledge
    • Good Judgment is the second pillar of wisdom
    • Wise Conduct is the third pillar of wisdom
  • Articles
    • Secret Life of the Obvious
    • Powerful inaction, conspicuous absence, bountiful void
    • The Power to Make Things Simple
    • Three kinds of Criticism
    • Critical thinking is disobedient, not correct
    • Strategy of Surprise
    • The Rectification of Meaning
    • The n plus minus one principle: higher, wider, different...
    • The Fascination of Paradox
    • A choice of choices
    • Des choix de la spiritualité
  • Blog
  • This reminds me of a story

Man is the measure of all things

25/1/2011

3 Comments

 
PictureMan teaches his measure to the Universe*

 On this plate sent by NASA on a Pioneer mission to civilizations whom it may concern, the receiver, can see (if it is endowed with optic recognition) the proportion of two beings.

For our human eyes those shapes are two white people, man and woman, naked (probably because they are inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian man), but decent.  

One, rises a quinary limb in what looks to me, here on Earth, as a Red Indian salute of peace, a “Stop here!” warning, or a traditional moutza Greek insult. The human shape is proportioned to all the rest; or is all the rest, atom to Universe related to it? Are we sizing the Universe?


Which makes me reflect to the maxim by Protagoras of Abdera, the disparaged philosopher: 

"Man is the measure of all things: of things which are, how they are, and of things which are not, how they are not" [1] he said, which piqued Plato to ridicule him because Plato believed that eternal ideas, not Man, are the reliable reference [2].       

                                                                              *

This saying is for me a metaphor we live by, of us being the unavoidable means and valuers of knowing; for knowing is done by knowers and nothing else. We understand the World in the manner we interact with it, by our own proportion, from our point of view, inevitably in our human terms and representations.

Why be so defensive against this maxim? You do not want people to believe a metaphor, it is meant to be understood not believed. It is the spoon, not the soup. It is the finger that points, not the moon. Metaphors do not explain, they help to make sense in our mind. They offer a vivid representation for our conscious sense to grasp, to move, to give shape and familiar concreteness, to let our imagination compare. In this case, we are the spoon, we are the finger, while the Universe is imperturbably as it is. Philosophers pleased however to see the "man-measure statement" as the universal root of moral relativism or of unscientific ignorance; I believe that Protagoras simply refers to a legitimate point of view, which does not deny universal reality but cares for what it means to us...

“Man is the measure of all things...” indicates that, for us, in our life-space which is definitely a reality for us, things count to us as much as they relate to us, in interaction with us; they represent to us, compellingly, what they are at human scale and what they make to us and we can make to them, not in general, nor in themselves.

The thing in itself is indifferent to the person as infinity is not our house. If the human looks at infinity from his own point of view he sees immensity, something inconceivable; infinity does not see anything looking at the human, because it does not look - man is an insignificant speck of dust in the blind eye of the Universe; if human looks at himself from the eyeless point of view of infinity, he sees nothing of human interest.                                                 

                                                                                *

When you seek wisdom - the way to one of the choices of a good life - most advanced knowledge and technology, giant discovery for Humanity, are still a small step for each single Man; the intelligent individual’s legitimate question is what use, what meaning it gives to our life, what worth it has. I oppose this wise quest to the self-defeating fascination of Big History immensity and to the view from nowhere [2.1] which disenchants us humans and leaves our lives meaningless. Our humanity-serving question is what understanding we gain to live happier and fulfilled, how not to be dissolved and reduced into a lifeless Universe.  

For wisdom is a humble choice; of looking at us and the world - with taking some distance - and then, interpreting each encounter steadily from the point of view of what it is to us as persons, of what makes sense to us, of what value it has for life, for our life: How does it concern us, people? Is it good for me or bad for me? Do I like it? Is it beautiful, good, just, life-upholding? Does it add to my civilisation, to my spiritual life? What can I do about it? What is it for us - to judge, to decide, to do, to beware? From where do we come, who are we, where do we go?...

Such purposeful Homo Sapiens bias makes knowledge human, ours, understood beyond parroted grand explanations. The rest, so necessary, so undeniably true, so powerful - facts, data, experiments, detached explanation of things “in themselves” grand laws, algorithms, theories, perfect skeletons of dried-out thought  - is ascetic science and disinterested reason trying not to be human, craving to free itself from being human; that is, truth for a world without us. That knowledge for the sake of itself, independent of us, its capital discoveries and its planet-changing technological conquests, require therefore constant vigilance and harnessing to join back our best interest.

                                                                                   * 

Let us be clear, humane wisdom is not opposed to science; it is its necessary complement (even as science does not know yet how to define wisdom and how to enrich it). It would be of course absurd to say that wisdom is better than science. The vocation of wisdom is not to diminish our trustful respect for scientific progress, our learning from sensible knowledge; it is rather to grant that science still serves us, instead of us worshipping science.

We humans aim to know things as they are and also to judge what they mean to us, not to the infinite Universe, nor for the sake of Ultimate Truth: grasping what the known is worth to us, how it links back to our needs and values and action. This entails exerting the humble but ultimate human interest of living a good, flourishing life.

Wherever science prevailed, wisdom ads worth to it as it interprets science in human terms, accountable to society.

Information, data, knowledge grow into understanding, servants to the conscious human person, the one who feels, says “I” knowingly, judges and chooses. By the means of science - our tool and servant - the world as it is becomes for us a charted ocean in which we can navigate aware of what we do and where we go. I would add that in spite of universal change being ruled by necessary causes we can still change the course of change - in what concerns us.

Where science still fears to rush in, repelled by imprecision, flow, subjectivity and lack of "proper logic" (which enumeration describes fairly the human world), wise judgement navigates alone, subtle, intuitive, risky but life-saving. The wise examine consequences of what we understood, know, intend, meet and do for the earthly life of persons. They care a lot for what we do not know or do not understand. Charting the unknown is part of knowing. They seek the ways to navigate that great ocean or if you prefer, to explore the maze of the given, to chose, steer course and improve and complete an earthly reality we live, instead of just bearing it. 

                                                                                  *  

A wise one works to turn the world mind size, simple enough and friendly for us; fools make it too complicated to cope with; or too abstract, metallic and alien, too non-human for us to survive.  

Be on your guard though to the power and dangers of making things wise by making them simple with our metaphors. “Science without conscience"[3] is a cold beast; but let us add with prudence: wisdom unverified is of a blind seer.

                                                                                           © Ioan Tenner 2011-2019

-------------------------------


 [1] in Sextus Empiricus  (Adversus Mathematicos,  7.60) (Diels Kranz 80 b1): 
“Of all things the measure is man, of the things that are, that [or "how"] they are, and of things that are not, that [or "how"] they are not.”

Alternative quotes:

Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism, 1.216; Diogenes Laertius  9.51.

About what the mysterious phrase may initially mean, it is useful to read Ugo Zilioli, Protagoras and the Challenge of Relativism: Plato’s Subtlest Enemy, Ashgate, Burlington, 2007  

Hannah Arendt goes even deeper in restoring what Protagoras actually said:

""man is the measure of all use things (chremata) [my underlining], of the existence of those that are, and of the non-existence of those that are not." in:
Arendt, Hannah, The Human Condition, 2nd ed The Univ. of Chicago Press, 1998, p 157
Reading her interpretation I realise that the "being the measure" of Protagoras was about all things made (and maybe looked at) for the use of Homo Faber, in the life-space created by humans. It is common sense that what is made by humans and also what is made for humans to understand shall be of human proportions. This reminds me the ingenious idea of Giambattista Vico that we humans can only know the human made world, including our knowledge, the other, "natural" one being only understandable by God, the one who created it.

[2] Plato turned Protagoras into a straw-man for his extravagant contrary belief that absolute and eternal ideas (finally, God) are the measure (the norm) of all things; later philosophers thought that nay, Reason, not God is the measure and judge; nowadays, triumphant Science knows for certain that Matter is the substance to be measured, the Universe – in which we are nothing – the measurer, and quantity - dimensions, weight, duration, numbers is the only measure which proves being to be real.
 
[2.1]​ A must read about the point of view from nowhere remains Nagel, Thomas - The View From Nowhere, Oxford University Press, USA (1986), which goes deep into the analysis of the absurd but inevitable tension between taking objective distance to see things from outside - from nowhere, independent of us, the knowers - and subjectively - from inside, at the same time, as we, living conscious beings, are the only possible knowers that be.

[3] Rabelais: "..science sans conscience n'est que ruine de l'âme... Œuvres de François Rabelais, Tome troisième, Pantagruel, Librairie Ancienne Edouard Champion, Paris, 1922, ch III, p.109 

_________________________________

PS: This outline was reviewed in 2012 and 2013, based on my discussions with Daniel Tenner.

3 Comments

    Categories

    All
    Absence
    Advice
    Aging Parents
    Agree To Disagree
    Akrasia
    Animal Rights
    A Time For Everything
    Axioms
    Bad Silence
    Beast
    Being Wise
    Books
    Carpe Diem
    Choice Of Choices
    Choices
    Communication
    Compassion
    Complexity
    Consulting Difference
    Counsel
    Credibility
    Critical Spirit
    Critical Thinking
    Criticism
    Critique
    Death
    Disenchanters
    Dying For Ideas
    Emptiness
    Error
    Evil
    Expression
    Extremes
    Facts Are Friendly
    Fast Thinking
    Foolishness
    Freedom
    Free Thinking
    Free Will
    Friendly Criticism
    Future
    Gatherer Attitude
    Given And Made
    Golden Rule
    Good Judgement
    Goodness
    Hostile Criticism
    Human Needs
    Humility
    Impossible
    Intangibles
    Intelligent Stupidity
    Intuition
    Justice
    Kindness
    Knowing People
    Learning From History
    Leaving The Table
    Life
    Listening
    Locus Of Control
    Losing With Grace
    Making Things Simple
    Measure Of All Things
    Moderation
    Montaigne
    Motivation
    N±1
    Nasreddin Hodja
    Need To Know Everything
    Not Doing
    Not Knowing
    Objective Criticism
    Obvious
    One Truth
    Out Of The Box
    Owning Your Words
    Paradox
    Parting
    Peace
    Point Of View
    Power
    Preparing Against Surprise
    Preparing For Surprise
    Preparing The Surprise
    Pride
    Progress
    Promise Of Science
    Protagoras Of Abdera
    Readers
    Reciprocity
    Rectification Of Meaning
    Religion
    Representation
    Resilience
    Respect
    Right To Be Wrong
    Right To Error
    Rite Of Separation
    Science
    Seekers And Finders
    Shapes
    Signs Of The Beast
    Silence
    Simple People
    Sincerity
    Sleeping Wisdom
    Small Wheel
    Socratic Method
    Spontaneous Thinking
    Strategy
    Stupidity
    Subtlety
    Surprise
    The King Is Naked
    Theodicy
    Three Kinds Of Criticism
    Too Big Too Small
    Truth
    Uncertainty
    Use Of Error
    Values
    Void
    What Happens To Me
    Why Memories
    Wisdom
    Wisdom Of Ends
    Wisdom Of Means
    Wrong Thing Right

    RSS Feed

© 2011 - 2020 Ioan Tenner & Daniel Tenner